SUBJECT INDEX
Aberrant groups Abyssinia, plants of Acclimatisation Affinities of extinct species; of organic beings Agassiz on Amblyopsis; on groups of species suddenly appearing; on embryological succession; on the glacial period; on embryological characters; on the embryos of vertebrata; on parallelism of embryological development and geological succession Algae of New Zealand Alligators, males, fighting Amblyopsis, blind fish America, North, productions allied to those of Europe; boulders and glaciers of; South, no modern formations on west coast Ammonites, sudden extinction of Anagallis, sterility of Analog of variations Ancylus Animals, not domesticated from being variable; domestic; descended from several stocks; acclimatisation of; of Australia; with thicker fur in cold climates; blind, in caves; extinct, of Australia Anomma Antarctic islands, ancient flora of Antirrhinum Ants attending aphides; slave-making instinct Ants, neuter, structure of Aphides attended by ants Aphis, development of Apteryx Arab horses Aralo-Caspian Sea Archiac, M. de, on the succession of species Artichoke, Jerusalem Ascension, plants of Asclepias, pollen of Asparagus Aspicarpa Asses, striped Ateuchus Audubon, on habits of frigate-bird; on variation in birds'-nests; on heron eating seeds Australia, animals of; dogs of; extinct animals of; European plants in Azara on flies destroying cattle Azores, flora of Babington, Mr., on British plants Balancement of growth Bamboo with hooks Barberry, flowers of Barrande, M., on Silurian colonies; on the succession of species; on parallelism of palaeozoic formations; on affinities of ancient species Barriers, importance of Batrachians on islands Bats, how structure acquired; distribution of Bear, catching water-insects Bee, sting of; queen, killing rivals Bees fertilizing flowers; hive; not sucking the red clover; cell-making instinct; humble, cells of; parasitic Beetles, wingless, in Madeira; with deficient tarsi Bentham, Mr., on British plants; on classification Berkeley, Mr., on seeds in salt-water Bermuda, birds of Birds acquiring fear; annually cross the Atlantic; colour of, on continents; fossil, in caves of Brazil; of Madeira, Bermuda, and Galapagos; song of males; transporting seeds; waders; wingless; with traces of embryonic teeth Bizcacha, affinities of Bladder for swimming in fish Blindness of cave animals Blyth, Mr., on distinctness of Indian cattle; on striped Hemionus; on crossed geese Boar; shoulder-pad of Borrow, Mr., on the Spanish pointer Bory St. Vincent, on Batrachians Bosquet, M., on fossil Chthamalus Boulders, erratic, on the Azores Branchiae Brent, Mr., on house-tumblers; on hawks killing pigeons Brewer, Dr., on American cuckoo Britain, mammals of Bronn, on duration of specific forms Brown, Robert, on classification Buckman, on variation in plants Buzareingues on sterility of varieties Cabbage, varieties of, crossed Calceolaria Canary-birds, sterility of hybrids Cape de Verde islands Cape of Good Hope, plants of Carrier-pigeons killed by hawks Cassini on flowers of composita Catasetum Cats, with blue eyes, deaf; variation in habits of; curling tail when going to spring Cattle destroying fir-trees; destroyed by flies in La Plata; breeds of, locally extinct; fertility of Indian and European breeds Cave, inhabitants of, blind Centres of creation Cephalopodae, development of Cervulus Cetacea, teeth and hair Ceylon, plants of Chalk formation Charlock Checks to increase; mutual Chickens, instinctive tameness of Chthamalinae Chthamalus, cretacean species of Circumstances favourable to selection of domestic products; to natural selection Cirripedes capable of crossing; carapace aborted; their ovigerous frena; fossil; larvae of Clift, Mr., on the succession of types Climate, effects of, in checking increase of beings; adaptation of, to organisms Cobites, intestine of Cockroach Collections, palaeontological, poor Colour, influenced by climate; in relation to attacks by flies Columba livia, parent of domestic pigeons Colymbetes Compositae, outer and inner florets of; male flowers of Conclusion, general Conditions, slight changes in, favourable to fertility Coot Coral-islands, seeds drifted to; reefs, indicating movements of earth Corn-crake Correlation of growth in domestic productions; of growth Cowslip Creation, single centres of Crinum Crosses, reciprocal Crossing of domestic animals, importance in altering breeds; advantages of; unfavourable to selection Crustacea of New Zealand Crustacean, blind Cryptocerus Ctenomys, blind Cuckoo, instinct of Currants, grafts of Currents of sea, rate of Cuvier on conditions of existence; on fossil monkeys; Fred., on instinct Dana, Prof., on blind cave-animals; on relations of crustaceans of Japan, on crustaceans of New Zealand De Candolle on struggle for existence; on umbelliferae; on general affinities; Alph., on low plants, widely dispersed; on widely-ranging plants being variable; on naturalisation; on winged seeds; on Alpine species suddenly becoming rare; on distribution of plants with large seeds; on vegetation of Australia; on fresh-water plants; on insular plants Degradation of coast-rocks Denudation, rate of; of oldest rocks Development of ancient forms Devonian system Dianthus, fertility of crosses Dirt on feet of birds Division, physiological, of labour Dogs, hairless, with imperfect teeth; descended from several wild stocks; domestic instincts of; inherited civilisation of; fertility of breeds together; of crosses; proportions of, when young Downing, Mr., on fruit-trees in America Downs, North and South Dragon-flies, intestines of Drift-timber Driver-ant Drones killed by other bees Duck, domestic, wings of, reduced; logger-headed Duckweed Dugong, affinities of Dung-beetles with deficient tarsi Dyticus Earl, Mr., W., on the Malay Archipelago Ears, drooping, in domestic animals; rudimentary Earth, seeds in roots of trees Eciton Edentata, teeth and hair; fossil species of Edwards, Milne, on physiological divisions of labour; on gradations of structure; on embryological characters Eggs, young birds escaping from Electric organs Elephant, rate increase; of glacial period Existence, struggle for; conditions of Eye, structure of; correction for aberration Eyes reduced in moles Fabre, M., on parasitic sphex Falconer, Dr., on naturalisation of plants in India; on fossil crocodile; on elephants and mastodons; and Cautley on mammals of sub-Himalayan beds Falkland Island, wolf of Faults Fear, instinctive, in birds Feet of birds, young molluscs adhering to Fertility of hybrids, from slight changes in conditions; of crossed varieties Fir-trees destroyed by cattle; pollen of Fish, flying; teleostean, sudden appearance of; eating seeds; fresh-water, distribution of Fishes, ganoid, now confined to fresh water; electric organs of; of southern hemisphere Flight, powers of, how acquired Flowers, structure of; in relation to crossing; of composite and umbelliferae Forbes, E., on colours of shells; on abrupt range of shells in depth; on poorness of palaeontological collections; on continuous succession of genera; on continental extensions; on distribution during glacial period; on parallelism in time and space Forests, changes in, in America Formation, Devonian Formations, thickness of, in Britain; intermittent Formica rufescens; sanguinea; flava, neuter of Frena, ovigerous, of cirripedes Fresh-water productions, dispersal of Fries on species in large genera being closely allied to other species Frigate-bird Frogs on islands Fruit-trees, gradual improvement of; in United States; varieties of, acclimatised in United States Fuci, crossed Fur, thicker in cold climates Furze Galapagos Archipelago, birds of; productions of Galeopithecus Game, increase of, checked by vermin Gartner on sterility of hybrids; on reciprocal crosses; on crossed maize and verbascum; on comparison of hybrids and mongrels Geese, fertility when crossed; upland Genealogy important in classification Geoffroy St. Hilaire on balancement; on homologous organs; Isidore, on variability of repeated parts; on correlation in monstrosities; on correlation; on variable parts being often monstrous Geographical distribution Geology, future progress of Giraffe, tail of Glacial period Gmelin on Distribution Gnathodon, fossil Godwin-Austin, Mr., on the Malay Archipelago Goethe on compensation of growth Gooseberry, grafts of Gould, Dr. A., on land-shells; Mr., on colours of birds; on birds of the Galapagos; on distribution of genera of birds Gourds, crossed Grafts, capacity of Grasses, varieties of Gray, Dr. Asa, on trees of United States; on naturalised plants in the United States; on rarity of intermediate varieties; on Alpine plants; Dr. J.E., on striped mule Grebe Grouse, colours of; red, a doubtful species Growth, compensation of; correlation of, in domestic products; correlation of Habit, effect of, under domestication; effect of, under nature; diversified, of same species Hair and teeth, correlated Harcourt, Mr. E.V., on the birds of Madeira Hartung, M., on boulders in the Azores Hazel-nuts Hearne on habits of bears Heath, changes in vegetation Heer, O., on plants of Madeira Helix pomatia Helosciadium Hemionus, striped Herbert, W., on struggle for existence; on sterility of hybrids Hermaphrodites crossing Heron eating seed Heron, Sir R., on peacocks Heusinger, on white animals not poisoned by certain plants Hewitt, Mr., on sterility of first crosses Himalaya, glaciers of; plants of Hippeastrum Holly-trees, sexes of Hollyhock, varieties of, crossed Hooker, Dr., on trees of New Zealand Hooker, Dr., on acclimatisation of Himalayan trees; on flowers of umbelliferae; on glaciers of Himalaya; on algae of New Zealand; on vegetation at the base of the Himalaya; on plants of Tierra del Fuego; on Australian plants; on relations of flora of South America; on flora of the Antarctic lands; on the plants of the Galapagos Hooks on bamboos; to seeds on islands Horner, Mr., on the antiquity of Egyptians Horns, rudimentary Horse, fossil, in La Plata Horses destroyed by flies in La Plata; striped; proportions of, when young Horticulturists, selection applied by Huber on cells of bees; P., on reason blended with instinct; on habitual nature of instincts; on slave-making ants; on Melipona domestica Humble-bees; cells of Hunter, J., on secondary sexual characters Hutton, Captain, on crossed geese Huxley, Prof., on structure of hermaphrodites; on embryological succession; on homologous organs; on the development of aphis Hybrids and mongrels compared Hybridism Hydra, structure of Ibla Icebergs transporting seeds Individuals, numbers favourable to selection; many, whether simultaneously created Insects, colour of, fitted for habitation; sea-side colours of; blind, in caves; luminous; neuter Instincts, domestic Intercrossing, advantages of Japan, productions of Java, plants of Jones, Mr. J.M., on the birds of Bermuda Jussieu on classification Kentucky, caves of Kerguelen-land, flora of Kidney-bean, acclimatisation of Kidneys of birds Kirby on tarsi deficient in beetles Knight, Andrew, on cause of variation Kolreuter on the barberry; on sterility of hybrids; on reciprocal crosses; on crossed varieties of nicotiana; on crossing male and hermaphrodite flowers Land-shells, distribution of, of Madeira, naturalised Languages, classification of Lapse, great, of time Larvae Laurel, nectar secreted by the leaves Laws of variation Leech, varieties of Leguminosae, nectar secreted by glands Lepidosiren Life, struggle for Lingula, Silurian Linnaeus, aphorism of Lion, mane of; young of, striped Lobelia fulgens Lobelia, sterility of crosses Loess of the Rhine Lowness of structure connected with variability Lowness, related to wide distribution Lubbock, Mr., on the nerves of coccus Lucas, Dr. P., on inheritance; on resemblance of child to parent Lund and Clausen on fossils of Brazil Lyell, Sir C., on the struggle for existence; on modern changes of the earth; on measure of denudation; on a carboniferous land-shell; on fossil whales; on strata beneath Silurian system; on the imperfection of the geological record; on the appearance of species; on Barrande's colonies; on tertiary formations of Europe and North America; on parallelism of tertiary formations; on transport of seeds by icebergs; on great alternations of climate; on the distribution of fresh-water shells; on land-shells of Madeira Lyell and Dawson on fossilized trees in Nova Scotia Macleay on analogical characters Madeira, plants of; beetles of, wingless; fossil land-shells of; birds of Magpie tame in Norway Maize, crossed Malay Archipelago compared with Europe; mammals of Malpighiaceae Mammae, rudimentary Mammals, fossil, in secondary formation; insular Man, origin of races of Manatee, rudimentary nails of Marsupials of Australia, fossil species of Martens, M., experiment on seeds Martin, Mr. W.C., on striped mules Matteuchi on the electric organs of rays Matthiola, reciprocal crosses of Means of dispersal Melipona domestica Metamorphism of oldest rocks Mice destroying bees; acclimatisation of Migration, bears on first appearance of fossils Miller, Prof., on the cells of bees Mirabilis, crosses of Missel-thrush Misseltoe, complex relations of Mississippi, rate of deposition at mouth Mocking-thrush of the Galapagos Modification of species, how far applicable Moles, blind Mongrels, fertility and sterility of; and hybrids compared Monkeys, fossil Monocanthus Mons, Van, on the origin of fruit-trees Mozart, musical powers of Mud, seeds in Mules, striped Muller, Dr. F., on Alpine Australian plants Murchison, Sir, R., on the formations of Russia; on azoic formations; on extinction Mustela vison Myanthus Myrmecocystus Myrmica, eyes of Nails, rudimentary Natural history, future progress of Naturalisation of forms distinct from the indigenous species; in New Zealand Nautilus, Silurian Nectar of plants Nectaries, how formed Nelumbium luteum Nests, variation in Neuter insects New Zealand, productions of, not perfect; naturalised products of; fossil birds of; glacial action in; crustaceans of; algae of; number of plants of; flora of Nicotiana, crossed varieties of; certain species very sterile Noble, Mr., on fertility of Rhododendron Nodules, phosphatic, in azoic rocks Oak, varieties of Onites apelles Orchis, pollen of Ornithorhynchus Ostrich not capable of flight; habit of laying eggs together; American, two species of Otter, habits of, how acquired Ouzel, water Owen, Prof., on birds not flying; on vegetative repetition; on variable length of arms in ourang-outang; on the swim-bladder of fishes; on electric organs; on fossil horse of La Plata; on relations of ruminants and pachyderms; on fossil birds of New Zealand; on succession of types; on affinities of the dugong; on homologous organs; on the metamorphosis of cephalopods and spiders Pacific Ocean, faunas of Paley, on no organ formed to give pain Pallas, on the fertility of the wild stocks of domestic animals Paraguay, cattle destroyed by flies Parasites Partridge, dirt on feet Parts greatly developed, variable, degrees of utility of Parus major Passiflora Peaches in United States Pear, grafts of Pelargonium, flowers of, sterility of Peloria Pelvis of women Period, glacial Petrels, habits of Phasianus, fertility of hybrids Pheasant, young, wild Pictet, Prof., on groups of species suddenly appearing; on rate of organic change; on continuous succession of genera; on close alliance of fossils in consecutive formations; on embryological succession Pierce, Mr., on varieties of wolves Pigeons with feathered feet and skin between toes; breeds described, and origin of; breeds of, how produced; tumbler, not being able to get out of egg; reverting to blue colour; instinct of tumbling; carriers, killed by hawks; young of Pistil, rudimentary Plants, poisonous, not affecting certain coloured animals; selection applied to; gradual improvement of; not improved in barbarous countries; destroyed by insects; in midst of range, have to struggle with other plants; nectar of; fleshy, on sea-shores; fresh-water, distribution of; low in scale; widely distributed Plumage, laws of change in sexes of birds Plums in the United States Pointer dog, origin of; habits of Poison not affecting certain coloured animals Poison, similar effect of, on animals and plants Pollen of fir-trees Poole, Col., on striped hemionus Prestwich, Mr., on English and French eocene formation Primrose; sterility of Primula, varieties of Proteolepas Proteus Psychology, future progress of Quagga, striped Quince, grafts of Rabbit, disposition of young Race-horses, Arab; English Races, domestic, characters of Ramond on plants of Pyrenees Ramsay, Prof., on thickness of the British formations; on faults Ratio of increase Rats, supplanting each other; acclimatisation of; blind in cave Rattle-snake Reason and instinct Recapitulation, general Reciprocity of crosses Record, geological, imperfect Rengger on flies destroying cattle Resemblance to parents in mongrels and hybrids Reversion, law of inheritance Rhododendron, sterility of Richard, Prof., on Aspicarpa Richardson, Sir J., on structure of squirrels; on fishes of the southern hemisphere Robinia, grafts of Rodents, blind Rudimentary organs Rudiments important for classification Sageret on grafts Salmons, males fighting, and hooked jaws of Salt-water, how far injurious to seeds Saurophagus sulphuratus Schiodte on blind insects Schlegel on snakes Sea-water, how far injurious to seeds Sebright, Sir J., on crossed animals; on selection of pigeons Sedgwick, Prof., on groups of species suddenly appearing Seedlings destroyed by insects Seeds, nutriment in; winged; power of resisting salt-water; in crops and intestines of birds; eaten by fish; in mud; hooked, on islands Selection of domestic products, principle not of recent origin; unconscious; natural; sexual; natural, circumstances favourable to Sexes, relations of Sexual characters variable; selection Sheep, Merino, their selection; two sub-breeds unintentionally produced; mountain, varieties of Shells, colours of, littoral, seldom embedded; fresh-water, dispersal of; of Madeira; land, distribution of Silene, fertility of crosses Silliman, Prof., on blind rat Skulls of young mammals Slave-making instinct Smith, Col. Hamilton, on striped horses; Mr. Fred., on slave-making ants; Mr., of Jordan Hill, on degradation of coast-rocks Snap-dragon Somerville, Lord, on selection of sheep Sorbus, grafts of Spaniel, King Charles's breed Species, groups of, suddenly appearing; beneath Silurian formations; successively appearing; changing simultaneously throughout the world Spencer, Lord, on increase in size of cattle Sphex, parasitic Spiders, development of Spitz-dog crossed with fox Sports in plants Sprengel, C.C., on crossing; on ray-florets Squirrels, gradations in structure Staffordshire, heath, changes in Stag-beetles, fighting Sterility from changed conditions of life; of hybrids; laws of; causes of; from unfavourable conditions; of certain varieties St. Helena, productions of St. Hilaire, Aug., on classification St. John, Mr., on habits of cats Sting of bee Stocks, aboriginal, of domestic animal Strata, thickness of, in Britain Stripes of horses Swallow, one species supplanting another Swim-bladder Tail of giraffe; of aquatic animals; rudimentary Tarsi deficient Tausch on umbelliferous flowers Teeth and hair correlated; embryonic, traces of, in birds; rudimentary, in embryonic calf Tegetmeier, Mr., on cells of bees Temminck on distribution aiding classification Thouin on grafts Thrush, aquatic species of; mocking, of the Galapagos; young of, spotted; nest of Thuret, M., on crossed fuci Thwaites, Mr., on acclimatisation Tierra del Fuego, dogs of; plants of Timber-drift Time, lapse of Titmouse Toads on islands Tobacco, crossed varieties of Tomes, Mr., on the distribution of bats Transitions in varieties Trees on islands belong to peculiar orders; with separated sexes Trifolium pratense; incarnatum Trigonia Trilobites; sudden extinction of Troglodytes Tucutucu, blind Tumbler pigeons, habits of, hereditary; young of Turkey-cock, brush of hair on breast Turkey, naked skin on head; young, wild Turnip and cabbage, analogous variations of Type, unity of Types, succession of, in same areas Udders enlarged by use; rudimentary Ulex, young leaves of Umbelliferae, outer and inner florets of Unity of type Use, effects of, under domestication Utility, how far important in the construction of each part Valenciennes on fresh-water fish Variability of mongrels and hybrids Variations appear at corresponding ages; analogous in distinct species Varieties, natural; struggle between; domestic, extinction of; transitional; when crossed, fertile; when crossed, sterile; classification of Verbascum, sterility of; varieties of, crossed Verneuil, M. de, on the succession of species Viola tricolor Volcanic islands, denudation of Vulture, naked skin on head Wading-birds Wallace, Mr., on origin of species; on law of geographical distribution; on the Malay Archipelago Wasp, sting of Water, fresh, productions of Water-hen Waterhouse, Mr., on Australian marsupials; on greatly developed parts being variable; on the cells of bees; on general affinities Water-ouzel Watson, Mr. H.C., on range of varieties of British plants; on acclimatisation; on flora of Azores; on Alpine plants; on rarity of intermediate varieties Weald, denudation of Web of feet in water-birds West Indian islands, mammals of Westwood on species in large genera being closely allied to others; on the tarsi of Engidae; on the antennae of hymenopterous insects Whales, fossil Wheat, varieties of White Mountains, flora of Wings, reduction of size Wings of insects homologous with branchiae; rudimentary, in insects Wolf crossed with dog; of Falkland Isles Wollaston, Mr., on varieties of insects; on fossil varieties of land-shells in Madeira; on colours of insects on sea-shore; on wingless beetles; on rarity of intermediate varieties; on insular insects; on land-shells of Madeira, naturalised Wolves, varieties of Woodpecker, habits of; green colour of Woodward, Mr., on the duration of specific forms; on the continuous succession of genera; on the succession of types World, species changing simultaneously throughout Wrens, nest of Youatt, Mr., on selection, on sub-breeds of sheep; on rudimentary horns in young cattle Zebra, stripes on Next 
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